حروف اضافه

READING COMPREHENSION

READING COMPREHENSION

It would be no exaggeration to say that no disease has had a more devastating impact on the history of mankind than malaria. Consider the numbers: an estimated one to three million people are killed each year by the mosquito-borne illness, most of them young children in sub-Saharan Africa. It is likely that the Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria has been with mankind throughout its entire development as a species, especially since a close relative of the parasite that causes malaria in humans is common in chimpanzees. In ancient times, malaria was not limited to sub-tropical areas. It was common in Rome, and it may in fact have contributed to the decline of the mighty Roman Empire. The great armies of the Persian king Darius III could not defeat Alexander the Great, but malaria managed to stop his armies upon his arrival in India. There is even speculation that malaria may have ended the life of the great Macedonian ruler, who died under mysterious circumstances in 323 BC. But one need not turn the clock back so far to see the effects of malaria on the world’s events. As recently as World War II, malaria was responsible for the deaths of sixty thousand American soldiers in the Pacific campaigns, and American troops were still dying from the disease as they waged battle in Vietnam in the early 70s. But the most important effect is in Africa, where the disease continues to devastate entire villages that, due to their proximity to sources of water, serve an important function as the bread basket of Africa. By killing entire families of farmers, malaria is perpetuating the circle of poverty that makes eradicating the disease so hard in the first place.

1.This article is mainly about

a) the link between malaria and chimpanzees,
b) the effect of malaria on the history of man,
c) showing that malaria is the deadliest
disease in the world,
d) the effect of malaria on the outcome of wars.

2. According to the article, which of the following
might represent the number of people killed
by malaria each year?

a) 800 thousand,
b) two million,
c) four million,
d) half a million.

3. In ancient times, malaria

a) was more widespread than it is now,
b) killed more people than it does now,
c) was limited to sub-tropical areas,
d) was used as a weapon by armies.

4. The article implies that

a) Alexander the Great would have conquered
India if not for malaria,
b) poverty in Africa is the result of diseases
like malaria,
c) Darius III was unable to defeat Alexander
the Great because of malaria,
d) malaria had an effect on the course of
human history.

5. The article establishes a link between malaria
and the outcome of World War II.

True                               False

6. What do you think the term “bread basket of
Africa” (underlined) means?

a) this is talking about an area of Africa where
baskets are made,
b) it refers to Africa’s food-producing regions,
c) these are stores where bread is made,
d) it is a generic term used to refer to any area

7. The last sentence implies that poverty
perpetuates malaria and vice versa.

True                  False

8. The mood of the article is

a) academic,
b) somber,
c) optimistic,
d) literary
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Answer key: 1.b 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.fals 6.b 7.true 8.b

IELTS Speaking: Describing Family Members

IELTS Speaking Test:

Describing Family Members

Todd: Adrienne, we are talking about your family. Can describe the people in your family? Like, what's your mother like, and your father like and your sister? 

Adrienne: OK, well, let me start with my mother. I'm hoping she doesn't listen to this, though, maybe. My mother is a very interesting. She has a great sense of humor and she's a very kind woman, very generous woman. She's also not afraid to say what she is thinking, which is a quality I admire about her very much. 

Todd: What about your father? How would you describe your dad? 

Adrienne: My dad is probably the nicest man you'll ever meet. He's very kind, very generous, very warm-heart and he's really a good guy and I love him very much. 

Todd: And actually I met your father and he's a very big guy. 

Adrienne: He is. Which means he has a very big heart. 

Todd: Right. 

Adrienne: He is. My dad's very tall and takes up a lot of space. It's true. 

Todd: Gentle-Giant, right? 

Adrienne: Something like that. Yeah. Yeah. 

Todd: OK, now you have a sister. Is she younger or older? 

Adrienne: Younger sister. 

Todd: Oh, younger sister. How would you describe her personality? 

Adrienne: My sister is actually quite similar to my dad in that she has a very good heart and she's very generous and very open, very friendly and giving personality and she is probably the only person on the planet who can make me laugh at any moment. 

Todd: That's nice. 

Adrienne: She cracks me up. So, She's got a great sense of humor, but part of that probably comes from being sisters too. 

Todd: Now you said that your sister is very similar to your father, so you are very similar to your mother? 

Adrienne: Coincidentally, yes, actually. My mother and I have a lot in common in terms of our personality, which means that we get along very well and then sometimes we don't. Cause we remind each other of each other perhaps. 

Todd: So, like what traits do you have in common? 

Adrienne: I would say that we both very often say what we're thinking, which not everybody likes all of the time. 

Todd: I think being outspoken is good. 

Adrienne: It can be. It can be which is why I think it's a good quality but it sometimes can lead to more conflict than you're prepared for. 

Todd: Right. Well, it sounds like you have a nice balance. 

Adrienne: Mm, we do.

کلمات دارای ریشه، پیوند و پسوندهای یونانی

نمونه Writing تافل

Writing Sample Task 2

Write about the following topic:

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).

Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.
.
.
.
.
model answer:
.
.
.
People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. I believe that the three most common reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences, and to increase their knowledge of themselves and the world around them.

Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college. They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, that are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years.

Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is the first time they’ve been away from home by themselves. In additions, this is the first time they’ve had to make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves.

Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that doesn’t relate to their career.

I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. They should go to college to have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in.